Authors: Lovedeep S Dhingra*, Veer Sangha*, Arya Aminorroaya, Robyn Bryde, Andrew Gaballa, Adel H Ali, Nandini Mehra, Harlan M. Krumholz, Sounok Sen, Christopher M Kramer, Matthew W Martinez, Milind Y Desai, Evangelos K Oikonomou, Rohan Khera

Funding: The study was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb. The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the protocol; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 

Disclosures: Mr. Sangha and Dr. Khera are the coinventors of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/346,610, “Articles and methods for format-independent detection of hidden cardiovascular disease from printed electrocardiographic images using deep learning”. Dr. Khera receives support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (under award K23HL153775) and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (under award 2022060). He receives support from the Blavatnik Foundation through the Blavatnik fund for Innovation at Yale. He also receives research support, through Yale, from Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Novo Nordisk. He is an Associate Editor at JAMA. In addition to 63/346,610, Dr. Khera is a coinventor of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 63/177,117, 63/428,569, and 63/484,426. Dr. Khera and Dr. Oikonomou are co-founders of Evidence2Health, a precision health platform to improve evidence-based cardiovascular care. Dr. Oikonomou is a co-inventor of the U.S. Patent Applications 63/508,315 & 63/177,117 and has served as a consultant to Caristo Diagnostics Ltd (all outside the current work). Dr. Desai acknowledges The Haslam family endowed chair in cardiovascular medicine and receives philanthropic support from the Holekamp and Stinson family.